What factor does gel electrophoresis use to separate DNA molecules?

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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA molecules based on their length. The DNA is loaded onto a gel matrix and an electric current is applied, causing the negatively charged DNA molecules to move towards the positively charged electrode. The smaller DNA fragments move faster through the gel, while larger fragments move slower, resulting in separation according to size.

What Factor Does Gel Electrophoresis Use to Separate DNA Molecules