Why Do Ferns Not Grow as Tall as Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Why do ferns not grow as tall as gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A) Ferns lose water from vascular tissue easily,so plant height is limited by water availability and retention.
B) Ferns require water to undergo a complete life cycle and could not secure sufficient water as a taller plant.
C) Water is not efficiently transported or distributed throughout ferns to support taller growth.
D) The cell walls of fern vascular tissue are not sufficiently rigid to support the growth of taller ferns.
E) Ferns would be less likely to successfully reproduce because sperm would have a greater distance to swim to the egg.