Population Dynamics Are Influenced by Birth and Death Rates

Population dynamics are influenced by birth and death rates.Which situation is NOT a factor that can cause early death for wolves on Isle Royale?

A) starvation if wolves cannot find and catch enough prey to survive
B) bone deformities causing impairments in hind leg use,probably from inbreeding
C) warmer temperatures causing tick populations that feed on wolves to increase dramatically,which causes wolves to lose blood and decreases their hunting abilities
D) warmer temperatures decreasing the frequency with which ice bridges form between Isle Royale and the mainland,which reduces the chances for immigration by new wolves that might increase the genetic diversity of the island population
E) all of these