Immigration from abroad and migration from rural to urban areas during the latter half of the 19^thcentury led to a period of

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Immigration from abroad and migration from rural to urban areas during the latter half of the 19th and early 20th century led to a period of social reform. Reformers were concerned about the living conditions of urban residents, particularly immigrants and the poor, and sought to improve their quality of life through various initiatives such as better housing, sanitation, and education. While tenement housing growth and urban poverty were also issues during this period, they were the result of larger societal changes and were not necessarily direct responses to immigration and migration. Residency legislation, on the other hand, was a policy implemented by some cities to restrict the movement of certain groups, such as immigrants and African Americans, but it was not a widespread trend during this period.

Immigration from Abroad and Migration from Rural to Urban Areas