In Zimbardo's classic Stanford prison experiment,the behavior of the participants was attributed to:

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The behavior of the participants was attributed to the roles they played in the simulated prison environment. The participants were randomly assigned to be either guards or prisoners and their behavior quickly conformed to the expectations and norms of their assigned roles. This suggests that situational factors, rather than individual personality traits, played a significant role in shaping the behavior of the participants.

In Zimbardo's Classic Stanford Prison Experiment,the Behavior of the Participants