How do microorganisms that live in close proximity exchange DNA?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Microorganisms exchange DNA through two mechanisms: transformation and conjugation. Transformation is the process where genetic material is taken up from the environment, possibly from the remains of dead bacteria. Conjugation is the process where genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells through direct contact. This can happen through a tube-like structure called a pilus which connects two bacteria temporarily. Option A is incorrect since frame-shift mutations are not a method of DNA exchange. Option C is incorrect since frame-shift mutations are not a method of DNA exchange but conjugation is one of the methods of DNA exchange. Option D is incorrect since frame-shift mutations are not a method of DNA exchange.

How Do Microorganisms That Live in Close Proximity Exchange DNA