The lynchings of blacks and pogroms against Jews occur when members of the in-group allow or approve such activities. Aronson refers to these historical atrocities as extreme forms of:

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Scapegoating is the act of blaming a particular group for problems or issues the in-group is facing. This often leads to violence or mistreatment of the out-group. The lynchings of blacks and pogroms against Jews were both examples of scapegoating. The authoritarian personality, ultimate attribution error, and self-fulfilling prophecy may contribute to such behavior, but are not necessarily extreme forms of it.

The Lynchings of Blacks and Pogroms Against Jews Occur When