According to Aronson, the most important condition that must be met before any experiment can lead to definite cause-and-effect conclusions is:

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Random assignment of subjects to groups helps to ensure that any differences observed between the experimental and control groups are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not to pre-existing differences between the groups. Correlation between variables alone does not establish causality, as there could be other factors influencing the relationship between the variables. Broad demand characteristics refer to cues in the experimental setting that suggest the purpose of the study and can influence participants' behavior. Manipulation of all dependent variables is not always possible or necessary for establishing causality.

According to Aronson, the Most Important Condition That Must Be