People tend to explain the causes of other people's behavior as being the result of their personalities. Thus, if Luke gets a bad grade on a test, it must be because he is stupid. This tendency is called:

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The dispositional view refers to the tendency to explain behavior as being caused by the individual's personality and internal characteristics, rather than by situational factors or external influences. This is exemplified in the example given of Luke getting a bad grade, where the assumption is that his intelligence or lack thereof must be the cause of his poor performance.

People Tend to Explain the Causes of Other People's Behavior