The dominant policymaking political institution during most of the nineteenth century was

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Congress was the dominant policymaking political institution during most of the nineteenth century, passing legislation on a wide range of issues including tariffs, banking, and territorial expansion. The presidency was relatively weak during this time, with many presidents deferring to Congress on important matters. While the Supreme Court did play an important role in shaping policy through its rulings, it did not have the same level of power and influence as Congress. Similarly, the bureaucracy was relatively small and limited in its scope during this time, and the mass media was not yet a major factor in shaping public opinion or policy.

The Dominant Policymaking Political Institution During Most of the Nineteenth