In 1848, Phineas Gage, a Foreman on a Railroad Construction

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a foreman on a railroad construction crew, suffered a serious head injury when an accidental explosion fired a 13-pound metal rod through his left cheekbone and out the top of his cranium. The damage to Gage's left frontal lobe triggered __________

A) frequent seizures and episodic memory loss.
B) profound mental and physical retardation.
C) a permanent loss of his vision and hearing.
D) a permanent and profound change in his personality.