Which theory suggests that both victimizers and victims tolerate or engage in violent behavior because they believe that the benefits outweigh the costs.

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Exchange theory suggests that individuals engage in behavior, including violent behavior, when they believe the benefits outweigh the costs. In the case of victimization, victims may tolerate abuse because they believe the benefits of staying in the relationship (e.g. financial stability, fear of retribution) outweigh the costs (e.g. physical harm, emotional distress). Similarly, victimizers may engage in abuse because they believe the benefits (e.g. power and control, emotional release) outweigh the costs (e.g. criminal sanctions, social stigma).

Which Theory Suggests That Both Victimizers and Victims Tolerate or Engage