Joffe and Albee (1981) refer to these as the "causes of the causes" of social and psychological problems.

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Joffe and Albee (1981) suggest that societal sources of injustice, such as poverty, racism, and discrimination are the "causes of the causes" of social and psychological problems. Poor parenting, dictatorships, social media, and individualistic societies may contribute to these problems but they are not the underlying root causes.

Joffe and Albee (1981) Refer to These as the "Causes