Pine's (2007) model of how anxiety develops in young children proposes that anxiety arises as a result of

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Pine's (2007) model proposes that anxiety arises from fear conditioning, in which a child learns to associate a specific stimulus (such as a loud noise) with a fearful response. This learning can be further reinforced through operant conditioning, in which the child's avoidance of the feared stimulus is rewarded, leading to a continued cycle of anxiety. While observational learning, cognitive distortions, and faulty learning may also contribute to the development of anxiety, Pine's model specifically emphasizes the role of fear conditioning.

Pine's (2007) Model of How Anxiety Develops in Young Children