Which of the following epidemiological methods is essentially the same as a longitudinal study?

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A longitudinal study follows a group of individuals over an extended period, collecting data at multiple intervals. Similarly, a prospective study also follows a group of individuals over an extended period, collecting data at multiple intervals. Therefore, a prospective study is essentially the same as a longitudinal study. Retrospective studies look back at past data, randomized clinical trials involve intervention and control groups, and meta-analyses are a statistical technique for combining data from multiple studies.

Which of the Following Epidemiological Methods Is Essentially the Same