Which of the Following Was a Major Reason for the Deaths

Which of the following was a major reason for the deaths of many white sailors during the "middle passage"?

A) They died from diseases such as yellow fever and malaria.
B) Most died from exposure to the elements when their ships were stalled at sea.
C) A majority died either from abuse at the hands of ship captains or from mutinying slaves.
D) Most were killed by pirates who seized slave ships.