Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?
A) Correlation coefficients
B) Manipulated independent variables
C) Nonmanipulated independent variables
D) Case studies

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Manipulated independent variables allow experimenters to directly control and manipulate the factor being studied, thereby establishing a causal relationship between that factor and the outcome variable. Correlation coefficients only show a relationship between variables, but do not establish causality. Nonmanipulated independent variables do not allow for the degree of control needed to establish causality. Case studies involve examining a single individual or group and cannot establish cause and effect relationships.

Experimenters Can Be Most Confident in Making Statements About Cause