A client presents with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and chest pain. On auscultation, the client is found to have a holosystolic murmur at the fifth intercostal space in the left sternal border. Which condition would warrant the client to undergo an echocardiogram for validation of the disease?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The client's symptoms of PND and chest pain along with the presence of a holosystolic murmur suggest mitral valve insufficiency as the likely condition. A echocardiogram is needed to validate the disease. Aortic valve insufficiency, tricuspid valve stenosis, and mitral valve prolapse can also present with murmurs, but are not consistent with the client's symptoms.

A Client Presents with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) and Chest