With the Retail Inventory Method, How Is the Total Beginning

With the retail inventory method, how is the total beginning inventory value used in the calculation of the cost-to-retail ratio for the current period under the following cost flow assumptions? $\begin{array}{lll}&\text { FIFO }&\text { Average Cost }&\text { LIFO }\\I.&\text { Include } & \text { Include } & \text { Exclude } \\II.&\text { Include } & \text { Exclude } & \text { Exclude } \\III.&\text { Exclude } & \text { Exclude } & \text { Exclude } \\IV.&\text { Exclude } & \text { Include } & \text { Excluide }\end{array}$

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV