Prior to the 18th Century,theories About Crime Causation Included Which

Prior to the 18th century,theories about crime causation included which of the following beliefs?

A) Crime could be reduced if punishments fit the crimes and were well documented because criminals would calculate that they could not profit from their actions.
B) People exercise their free will and choose to act in particular ways,even ways they know to be wrong,because the Devil is tempting them.
C) Crime,like other human behaviour,is the result of natural causes and hence can be altered by applying scientifically derived knowledge.
D) Criminals are throwbacks to an earlier stage of evolution.