According to the Classical School,the social contract between the state and its citizens meant that punishment should be very harsh as this was necessary to deter criminals and protect citizens.

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The Classical School of criminology, founded by Cesare Beccaria, advocated for punishment to be proportionate, not excessively harsh, emphasizing that the certainty and swiftness of punishment, rather than its severity, would be more effective in deterring crime.

According to the Classical School,the Social Contract Between the State