Describe the mechanisms involved by which the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems affect cardiac output. Include ACh, NE, regulated K⁺ channels, I_f channels and T-type Ca²⁺ channels, vagus nerve, cardiac nerves, contractility, stroke volume, and heart rate in your answer.

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The Answer of Describe the mechanisms involved by which the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems affect cardiac output. Include ACh, NE, regulated K⁺ channels, I_f channels and T-type Ca²⁺ channels, vagus nerve, cardiac nerves, contractility, stroke volume, and heart rate in your answer.

Describe the Mechanisms Involved by Which the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic