In diabetes mellitus:

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In diabetes mellitus, there is either a deficiency or resistance to insulin, resulting in increased levels of glucose in the blood. This excess glucose is then excreted in the urine, which can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia). The cells in the body, including those in the brain, may not receive an adequate supply of glucose, leading to symptoms of decreased CNS activity. In addition, the body may begin to break down fat stores for energy, resulting in ketosis and acidosis. All of these clinical abnormalities are commonly seen in diabetes mellitus.

In Diabetes Mellitus