The ____ and ____ enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs. A) Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump; co-transport carriers B) juxtaglomerular apparatus; vasa recta C) podocytes; peritubular capillaries D) medullary vertical osmotic gradient; vasopressin E) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; renal pyramids

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin are key components in the kidneys' ability to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes. The osmotic gradient is created by the arrangement of nephrons in the renal pyramids, and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone) regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing for the reabsorption of water and the production of concentrated urine. The other options listed are not directly involved in urine concentration/volume regulation.

The ____ and ____ Enable the Kidneys to Produce Urine

The and Enable the Kidneys to Produce Urine