Some States Have Passed Resolutions of State Sovereignty Based on the Claim

Some states have passed resolutions of state sovereignty based on the claim that the Tenth Amendment allows them to nullify federal laws with which their legislatures disagree. These resolutions

A) have most often been used to accept categorical grants but reject the federal requirements that come with them.
B) have been validated by the Supreme Court.
C) have no force of law.
D) have been slowly tipping the balance of power in federal-state relations back in favor of the states.
E) are commonly based on free-speech issues.