How Can Election Laws Limit the Viability of Third Parties

How can election laws limit the viability of third parties?

A) Many states made third parties illegal, making parties overthrow a current party in power.
B) Petitions for office must have a minimum number of signatures, greatly increasing the effort required.
C) Ballot reforms were given to courts, removing politicians from changing election laws.
D) Bureaucrats were given the duty to monitor elections, making bribing nearly impossible.
E) Election laws do not affect the viability of third parties.