India and China are examples of countries which had pursued the self-sufficiency alternative to development.

Question

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India and China both pursued the self-sufficiency approach to development, also known as import substitution, during the mid-20th century. They sought to reduce their reliance on foreign imports and promote domestic industrialization through various policies and strategies. While this approach had some successes, it also faced challenges and limitations, and both countries gradually shifted towards more market-oriented reforms in the late 20th century.

India and China Are Examples of Countries Which Had Pursued