The distribution of conquered towns,the right to rule the Indians and the land around them,and the right to exact tribute and labor from the Indians was called

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The system described in the question is the encomienda system, which was used by the Spanish in the Americas to distribute indigenous peoples and their lands among Spanish colonizers. The encomendero was granted the right to collect tribute and labor from the indigenous people under their control in exchange for protection and Christianization. The repartimiento was a similar system used in colonial Latin America where indigenous labor was allocated to Spanish colonizers, but without the land ownership aspect of the encomienda system. Indenture referred to contracts which bound workers to labor for a specified period of time, usually in exchange for passage to a new location, and was not specifically related to the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Peninsulares refers to people who were Spanish-born and living in the Americas, as opposed to criollos who were of Spanish descent but born in the Americas.

The Distribution of Conquered Towns,the Right to Rule the Indians