Which of the following general belief systems are NOT directly linked to colorism?

Question

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Colorism involves discrimination based on skin color, often within the same racial or ethnic group, favoring lighter skin over darker skin. Heterosexism, however, is discrimination or prejudice against individuals based on their sexual orientation, favoring heterosexuals over non-heterosexuals, and does not directly relate to skin color or colorism. Racism, classism, and Euro-centrism can all contribute to or be influenced by colorism, as they involve biases that can include preferences for lighter skin, which is often associated with higher social status or beauty standards influenced by European ideals.

Which of the Following General Belief Systems Are NOT Directly