The steep and sudden decline in a population size as birth rates plummet and death rates soar is called

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A steep and sudden decline in population size due to a significant decrease in birth rates and an increase in death rates is referred to as a population crash. Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals that a given environment can sustainably support. A "boom and bust" cycle refers to the cyclic fluctuation in the population size of a species, whereas demographic momentum refers to the tendency of a growing population to continue growing despite a reduction in the number of births.

The Steep and Sudden Decline in a Population Size as Birth