The decline of Meroë and the rise of Axum were both connected to

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The decline of Meroë coincided with the shift of long-distance trade from the Nile Valley to the Red Sea, where the rising power of Axum controlled key trading routes. This shift led to the decline of Meroë's economy and political power, while Axum's control of trade allowed it to prosper and become a major regional power. The other options (A, C, and D) do not have significant connections to the decline of Meroë and the rise of Axum.

The Decline of Meroë and the Rise of Axum Were