Select the Word or Phrase That Best Matches the Definition

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example.
-Western Europe's unkind nickname for the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,a name based on the sultans' inability to prevent Western takeover of many regions and to deal with internal problems;it fails to recognize serious reform efforts in the Ottoman state during this period.

A) Taiping Uprising
B) Opium Wars
C) Commissioner Lin
D) unequal treaties
E) self-strengthening movement
F) Boxer Uprising
G) Chinese revolution of 1911-1912
H) "the sick man of Europe"
I) Tanzimat
J) Young Ottomans
K) Sultan Abd al-Hamid II
L) Young Turks
M) informal empires
N) Battle of Adowa
O) Tokugawa Japan
P) Meiji Restoration
Q) Russo-Japanese War,1904-1905