Which of the following characterizes the responses of societies facing the threat of European colonial rule in the nineteenth century?

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Societies facing the threat of European colonial rule in the nineteenth century had varied responses. Some segments of the population saw colonial rule as advantageous and accommodated it, while others viewed it as oppressive and resisted it. This led to a mix of both accommodation and resistance movements in different parts of the world. Option B is incorrect, as surrender and widespread acquiescence were not universal responses. Option C is also incorrect, as while anti-imperialist and nationalist sentiments did fuel resistance movements, it is incorrect to suggest that these movements were solely led by the peasantry or inspired by communist ideologies in the 19th century. Finally, option D is also incorrect, as westernization was not a universal response to colonialism either, and many societies actively resisted the adoption of European culture and values.

Which of the Following Characterizes the Responses of Societies Facing