How did science in the nineteenth century both reflect the influence of the Enlightenment and undermine its basic assumptions?

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The Answer is •Like Enlightenment thinkers,scientists like Charles Darwin and Karl Marx believed in progress and formulated general laws to explain events in a rational way.Darwin introduced laws of natural selection,and Marx identified laws of historical development.
•Unlike Enlightenment thinkers,nineteenth-century scientists emphasized conflict and struggle rather than reason and education.
•Sigmund Freud applied scientific methods to study the human mind and emotions;his conclusions challenged the view of the individual as a rational,thoughtful,and independent being.

How Did Science in the Nineteenth Century Both Reflect the Influence