The decline in the average number of hours worked over the last century from 60 hours to 40 hours can be explained as a consequence of

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An increase in nonlabor income (such as income from investments, property, or inheritance) means that individuals do not need to work as many hours to achieve a desired standard of living. This leads to a shift in the labor supply curve to the left, as workers are willing to supply less labor at each possible wage rate, contributing to a reduction in the average number of hours worked.

The Decline in the Average Number of Hours Worked Over