Discrimination is difficult to measure empirically because

Question

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Discrimination is difficult to measure empirically because it is hard to measure and control for differences in marginal productivity. This means that it is hard to distinguish whether wage differences are due to discrimination or differences in the value that workers bring to the job. Data on racial and gender differences is often available, and economists have found significant wage differentials due to gender and race. Discrimination is also practiced by more than just a few employers, making it important to measure and address.

Discrimination Is Difficult to Measure Empirically Because