Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates

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This scenario illustrates ingroup bias, which is the tendency to favor one's own group over other groups. Once people are assigned to a new group, even based on a random factor like a coin toss, they develop a sense of loyalty to that group and are more likely to favor its members when resources are divided. The other options are not applicable in this scenario - the mere exposure effect refers to the increased liking of stimuli due to repeated exposure, the fundamental attribution error involves overestimating dispositional causes of behavior rather than situational factors, and deindividuation refers to the loss of personal identity and self-awareness in large groups or anonymous settings.

Creating Groups Based on the Outcome of a Coin Toss