In every one of the 53 countries surveyed, people typically expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale. This best illustrates the pervasiveness of

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The fact that people in all 53 countries surveyed expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale suggests the presence of self-serving bias, where individuals tend to have an overly positive view of themselves. This bias is known to be pervasive across cultures and is likely contributing to the high levels of self-esteem expressed by participants. The other options (extraversion, spotlight effect, and external locus of control) are unrelated to the observed phenomenon.

In Every One of the 53 Countries Surveyed, People Typically