A company that promotes exercise programs provides data from studies that were all conducted by the company itself. All of the results show that the exercise programs are highly effective. Which of the following signs of pseudoscience does this illustrate?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The lack of peer review is evident in this scenario as all studies were conducted by the company itself, without any external or independent validation of the findings. This raises questions about the reliability and objectivity of the data, as well as the potential for bias or manipulation of the results. Without peer review, it is challenging to determine the quality and validity of the research, making it a sign of pseudoscience.

A Company That Promotes Exercise Programs Provides Data from Studies