A population of mountain-dwelling salamanders migrates and splits into two populations separated by a valley they can not cross.The speciation process that may occur is:

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Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is geographically isolated and evolves separately due to different selection pressures and genetic drift. In this case, the valley acts as a physical barrier preventing gene flow between the two populations, making allopatric speciation the most likely outcome. Temporal speciation involves reproductive isolation due to differences in timing of reproduction, while behavioral speciation involves reproductive isolation due to differences in courtship and mating behaviors. Sympatric speciation occurs when a new species evolves from within the same geographical area as the parent population, which is not the case in this scenario.

A Population of Mountain-Dwelling Salamanders Migrates and Splits into Two