Pernicious anemia is a disorder characterized by: A) Antivitamin B₁₂ antibodies B) Lack of IF C) Improper dietary intake of vitamin B₁₂ D) Increased absorption of vitamin B₁₂

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Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor (IF), a protein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Without IF, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed and utilized by the body, leading to anemia and other symptoms. Although improper dietary intake of vitamin B12 can also lead to a deficiency, it is not the specific cause of pernicious anemia. Increased absorption of vitamin B12 is not associated with pernicious anemia. Antivitamin B12 antibodies may be present in some cases, but they are not the primary cause of the disorder.

Pernicious Anemia Is a Disorder Characterized By