The philosophical view that human beings act only out of self-interest is called

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Psychological egoism is the belief that all human actions are ultimately motivated by self-interest. This view holds that even seemingly selfless acts, such as helping others, are actually motivated by a desire for personal gain or benefit in some way. The other options, while related to philosophical and evolutionary views on human behavior, do not specifically reflect the belief in self-interested motivation underlying all human actions.

The Philosophical View That Human Beings Act Only Out of Self-Interest