In a small-n design, a researcher is typically testing a theory about how a behavior works for most individuals or testing a treatment for a problematic behavior of an individual or group of individuals.

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In small-n designs, the emphasis is on detailed exploration of individual cases, rather than testing theories about populations. This may involve testing treatments for problematic behavior of individuals or small groups, or examining how a behavior works for a particular individual.

In a Small-N Design, a Researcher Is Typically Testing a Theory