In Islamic Countries,the Clerical Hierarchy

In Islamic countries,the clerical hierarchy

A) has been deeply involved in politics since that religion's inception.
B) has usually tried to maintain a position independent of the government.
C) has always sided with its Shi'a branch.
D) has only been involved in politics since the beginning of the 20^th century.
E) has had deep internal conflicts regarding its proper relationship with the state.