For an oligopoly,a few firms cannot dominate in the long run unless

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Without barriers to entry, new firms can enter the market and compete with the existing firms, potentially driving down prices and eroding market share. This would prevent the few firms from dominating in the long run. Option A, forming a cartel, is not a sustainable solution as it may be difficult to maintain cooperation among the firms and there is always the temptation for one firm to cheat and gain a competitive advantage. Option B, a high concentration ratio, may indicate that the few firms have a significant market share but it does not guarantee their dominance in the long run.

For an Oligopoly,a Few Firms Cannot Dominate in the Long