The "Prison Boom" Described in "The Black Family in the Age

The "prison boom" described in "The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration" is

A) largely a consequence of illegal drugs, most of which are smuggled across the U.S.-Mexican border.
B) the main source of jobs for men and women in rural areas who have low educational attainment.
C) one of many factors, including segregated housing, poor schools, crime-ridden environments, and job discrimination, that limits upward mobility and the escape from poverty for black Americans.
D) driven by large corporations' drive for profits from the creation of a private prison system.