According to South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun, Congress lacked the power to

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Senator John C. Calhoun was a strong advocate for slavery and believed that Congress did not have the power to exclude it from the territories. He argued that Congress only had the power to regulate commerce, not to interfere with property rights, which included the right to own slaves. Calhoun also believed that the states had the right to nullify federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional, including any laws that restricted slavery.