The free black population of the United States increased from 1820 to 1860 because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

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The transatlantic slave trade was officially abolished in the United States in 1808, so there was no continuing immigration of blacks from Africa during this time period. The other options all contributed to the increase in the free black population. Successful escapes of slaves from the South resulted in more free blacks in the North, and personal purchases and manumissions (the act of freeing a slave) also contributed to the growth of the free black population. The natural increase of the free black population refers to the number of births exceeding the number of deaths, which would naturally lead to an increase in population over time.

The Free Black Population of the United States Increased from 1820