The per se rule is applicable to restraints of trade that are considered inherently anticompetitive.

Question

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The per se rule is applicable to restraints of trade that are considered inherently anticompetitive, such as price-fixing, market allocation, and bid-rigging. These types of agreements are deemed illegal without any further analysis of their impact on competition or market efficiency. In contrast, the rule of reason is applied to restraints that may have some procompetitive benefits, but also have potential anticompetitive effects, requiring a more detailed analysis of their effects on the market.

The Per Se Rule Is Applicable to Restraints of Trade