The Japanese tsunami disaster of March 2011 had a negative effect on the automobile industry.With production and distribution in Japan at a standstill,American auto assembly plants could not get the auto parts that usually come from Japan.As described in the Reaching Beyond Our Borders box,"The Japanese Crisis,Terrorism,and American Business," companies must stay flexible,and create appropriate,alternate plans in case they are confronted by unexpected occurrences.These actions are more specifically referred to as _____________.

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Contingency planning involves creating backup plans and alternative strategies in case of unexpected events or crises. This is exactly what the automobile industry needed to do in response to the disruption caused by the Japanese tsunami disaster. Operational planning, tactical planning, and motivational planning are all important aspects of business planning, but they do not specifically address the need for contingency planning in response to unexpected events.

The Japanese Tsunami Disaster of March 2011 Had a Negative